The Vatican is located in the western city of Rome with a total area of ​​44 hectares. It is 1,045 meters long and 850 meters wide and is bounded by high walls. Apart from these areas, there are also various areas and buildings located within Italian territory which are an integral part of the Vatican, called "extraterritorial areas" which cover an area of ​​700,000 square meters.

The Vatican's population consists of a variety of nationalities, with the majority being Italian citizens. They also obtained Vatican citizenship, but based on "permanent residence" from the Italian Government as regulated in the Lateran Agreement. Meanwhile, the total population of the Vatican is around 1,000 people and live in this country because of work and position.

The Pope is the Head of State of Vatican City and the Head of Government of the Holy See. The highest authority in the Vatican is a monarchy which is elected absolutely, theocratic and patrimonial and has full power in legislative, executive and judicial matters. In carrying out his duties as Head of State, the Pope is assisted by the Pontifical Commission of the State of Vatican City, which represents the Holy Father in carrying out the civil government of the Vatican State in accordance with a special mandate from the Pope.

In accordance with the agreement with the Italian Government, the currency valid in Italy is also valid in the Vatican. Since 2002, the Euro currency has been used. However, the Vatican prints coins as souvenirs. Apart from that, the language used daily is Italian. In celebrating Holy Mass, apart from Italian, Latin is also used. For diplomatic correspondence, English and French are used.